October 9, 1651
The Navigation Acts of 1651 were groundbreaking English maritime laws that required all colonial trade to flow through English ports using English ships, fundamentally transforming the economic relationship between Britain and its American colonies.
January 13, 1942
Nazi Germany launched Operation Drumbeat, deploying five Type IX U-boats to America's eastern seaboard, resulting in devastating losses of merchant vessels and exposing US coastal defense vulnerabilities.
