Events with tag - History Of Poland

April 14, 966

Baptism of Poland

The Baptism of Poland in 966 was a breakthrough event in the history of Poland, which initiated the process of Christianization and incorporated the Polish state into Latin civilization. Duke Mieszko I, by accepting baptism, made a strategic choice that had fundamental significance for Poland's political, cultural, and social development.

January 1, 1039

Return of Casimir the Restorer to the Polish throne

In 1039, Casimir I the Restorer, son of Mieszko II and Richeza, returned from exile to Poland, beginning the process of rebuilding and unifying the state after a period of deep crisis. Supported by Emperor Henry III and Kievan Rus, he gradually regained control over Lesser Poland, Greater Poland, Masovia, and Silesia. His reign brought stability to the country through administrative, economic, and ecclesiastical reforms.

January 1, 1138

Testament of Bolesław III Wrymouth

Bolesław III Wrymouth's Testament of 1138 introduced the principle of seniority and divided the Polish state among the ruler's sons. This event initiated the period of feudal fragmentation in Poland, which lasted almost 200 years and ended with the coronation of Władysław the Elbow-high in 1320. This decision significantly influenced the fate of medieval Poland.

November 1, 1335

Congress of Visegrád

Historic meeting of three rulers - Casimir the Great, John of Luxembourg and Charles Robert - in Visegrád in 1335. This event led to groundbreaking territorial arrangements and laid the foundations for international cooperation in Central Europe.

November 1, 1335

Polish-Hungarian Alliance

Historic meeting in Visegrád in 1335, during which Hungarian King Charles Robert, Polish King Casimir the Great, and Bohemian ruler John of Luxembourg formed a strategic alliance that shaped the political map of Central Europe for centuries to come.

July 8, 1343

Treaty of Kalisz

The Treaty of Kalisz, signed on July 8, 1343, was a groundbreaking peace treaty between the Kingdom of Poland and the Teutonic Order. Under its terms, Poland regained Kuyavia and Dobrzyń Land, while the Teutonic Knights retained Pomerelia (Gdańsk Pomerania). The treaty ended a period of prolonged conflicts and established new principles of coexistence between the two states.

November 17, 1370

Coronation of Louis I of Hungary

Louis I of Hungary, son of Charles Robert of Anjou and Elizabeth of Poland, was crowned King of Poland on November 17, 1370, at Wawel Cathedral. This event initiated the personal union between Poland and Hungary and brought significant changes to Poland's political system, including the famous Privilege of Koszyce in 1374.

November 17, 1370

Louis I of Hungary becomes King of Poland

On November 17, 1370, Louis I of Hungary was crowned King of Poland at Wawel Cathedral. This was made possible through succession agreements with Casimir the Great, who had no male heir. This event initiated a personal union between Poland and Hungary, creating the largest state entity in Central Europe at that time.

October 10, 1410

Battle of Koronowo

The Battle of Koronowo was a significant armed clash between Polish forces under the command of Sędziwój of Ostroróg and the Teutonic forces led by Michael Küchmeister von Sternberg. The battle ended in a decisive victory for the Poles, who captured 50 Teutonic knights and seized 26 order banners.

October 2, 1413

Union of Horodło

The Union signed on October 2, 1413, in Horodło between the Kingdom of Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. Key provisions included equalizing the rights of Lithuanian boyars with Polish nobility and the adoption of Polish coats of arms by Lithuanian families.

May 15, 1440

Coronation of Władysław III as King of Hungary

On May 15, 1440, in Székesfehérvár, Władysław III of Varna was crowned King of Hungary. This event initiated a personal union between Poland and Hungary, creating a powerful alliance against the Ottoman Empire. On the same day, the controversial coronation of the three-month-old Ladislaus the Posthumous also took place.

January 18, 1493

First General Sejm in Piotrków

The First General Sejm was convened on January 18, 1493, in Piotrków by King John I Albert. This event marked the beginning of Polish parliamentarism, introducing a bicameral parliamentary system consisting of the Senate and the Chamber of Deputies. During the session, 33 parliamentary constitutions were enacted, which shaped the foundations of the Polish political system.

September 1, 1939

World War II

World War II was the largest armed conflict in human history, which began on September 1, 1939, with Nazi Germany's attack on Poland. The conflict quickly spread worldwide, involving most nations and claiming millions of lives. The war ended in 1945, fundamentally changing the world order.

September 28, 1939

Capitulation of Warsaw

The capitulation of Warsaw on September 28, 1939, ended the heroic 20-day defense of Poland's capital against the German invader. After exhausting combat, facing overwhelming enemy forces, lack of supplies, and a dramatic situation of civilians, the city's defense command decided to surrender. The act of capitulation was signed at 13:15 in Ożarów Mazowiecki.

September 29, 1939

Surrender of Modlin Fortress

The Modlin Fortress, located at the confluence of the Vistula and Narew rivers, was one of the last points of Polish resistance during the September Campaign of 1939. After 19 days of heroic defense led by Gen. Wiktor Thommée, facing depleted supplies and no hope for relief, the fortress surrendered on September 29, 1939. The defense of Modlin became a symbol of Polish soldiers' courage and determination in the face of German aggression.

April 20, 1940

Union of Retaliation

Union of Retaliation - a secret subversive organization established on April 20, 1940, within the Union of Armed Struggle. It conducted sabotage and subversive actions against the German occupier, significantly weakening its military and economic potential. The organization operated until November 1942, when it was incorporated into the structures of the Home Army's Directorate of Diversion.

May 16, 1940

Operation AB

Operation AB (Extraordinary Pacification Operation) was a mass extermination action carried out by the Nazis in occupied Poland from May to July 1940. Its aim was to murder Polish intelligentsia and social elites. As a result of the operation, approximately 6,000 people were arrested, of whom over 3,500 were murdered in mass executions, mainly in Palmiry near Warsaw.