On November 5, 1370, Casimir III the Great, the last Polish king of the Piast dynasty, died in Krakow. His death was caused by injuries sustained from falling off a horse while hunting in Przyszow. This event marked the end of Poland's Golden Age and the Piast dynasty's reign, opening a new chapter in the country's history under the Angevin rule.

Casimir III the Great is one of the most important figures in Polish history. His reign, lasting from 1333 to 1370, brought many changes and development to the country. However, like every ruler, Casimir III the Great had to eventually pass away.

The date of death of this outstanding king marks a significant moment in Polish history. His passing not only ended an era of prosperity but also initiated a new chapter in the country's history. Understanding the exact date of Casimir III the Great's death helps to better comprehend the historical context and consequences of this event for the Polish Kingdom.

Casimir III the Great, the last Polish king from the Piast dynasty, ruled from 1333 to 1370. His reign brought significant economic, political, and cultural development to Poland.

Casimir III the Great left his mark in Polish history through numerous accomplishments:

• Legal reforms: Introduced the Wiślica-Piotrków Statutes, unifying law in the Kingdom.
• Economic development: Initiated the construction of 65 towns and 100 villages, stimulating trade and crafts.
• Border strengthening: Expanded Poland's territory by adding Red Ruthenia and Vladimir-Volhynia.
• Defensive modernization: Built 53 castles and city fortifications, creating the country's defense system.
• Education reform: Founded the Kraków Academy in 1364, the first Polish university.
• Diplomacy: Conducted effective foreign policy, forming beneficial alliances and agreements.

These achievements contributed to significantly strengthening Poland's position in Europe and brought the kingdom a period of prosperity.

The twilight of Casimir III the Great's rule was marked by numerous challenges and achievements. The king, despite his advanced age, continued active domestic and foreign policy, striving to strengthen Poland's position in the international arena.

In his final years, Casimir III the Great struggled with deteriorating health. Chronicles note that he suffered from age-related ailments, including mobility issues. Despite this, the king did not resign from actively exercising power:

• Limited his travels around the country, spending more time in Krakow
• Delegated more duties to trusted advisors
• Focused on key strategic decisions
• Relied on court physicians who used contemporary medical treatments

Health problems did not prevent Casimir from continuing his reformist work, although they affected the pace and scope of his actions.

Casimir III the Great died on November 5, 1370, in Krakow. This date marks a significant turning point in Polish history, ending the reign of the Piast dynasty and opening a new era in the country's history.

Casimir III the Great's death resulted from injuries sustained during a fall from a horse while hunting in Przyszów. The king suffered a broken leg, which led to health complications. Despite the efforts of court physicians, the monarch's health rapidly deteriorated. In his final days, Casimir suffered from high fever, likely caused by wound infection. He died at the age of 60, surrounded by his closest advisors and family, in the chambers of Wawel Castle. The fact that the king left no male heir had crucial implications for Poland's future, leading to a change in the ruling dynasty.

The death of Casimir III the Great in 1370 brought significant changes to the Kingdom of Poland. This event ended the reign of the Piast dynasty and opened a new chapter in Polish history.

The lack of a male heir to Casimir III the Great complicated the matter of Polish throne succession. Louis of Hungary, nephew of the deceased king, was designated as successor according to previous arrangements. Louis's coronation took place on November 17, 1370, in Wawel Cathedral, just 12 days after Casimir's death. The new ruler, from the Angevin dynasty, initiated a period of personal union between Poland and Hungary.

The death of Casimir III the Great caused significant changes in the power structure:

1. Weakening of centralization: Louis of Hungary rarely stayed in Poland, which led to decentralization of power.
2. Rise of magnate influence: The nobility gained strength, forcing privileges from the new king.
3. Change in political priorities: Poland became part of the broader Angevin dynastic politics.
4. Administrative reorganization: The office of royal governor was introduced in the person of Elizabeth of Poland.

The departure of Casimir III the Great affected the country's economic situation:

1. Slowdown in urban development: The number of newly chartered towns significantly decreased.

2. Change in monetary policy: New coins were introduced, affecting trade.

3. Modification of customs system: Duties were adjusted to meet the needs of the Polish-Hungarian union.

4. Reduction in royal investments: The scale of construction and infrastructure projects decreased.

5. Continuation of Kraków Academy development: Despite the change in ruler, the university continued to grow.

6. Change in artistic patronage: The new court introduced elements of Hungarian culture.

7. Evolution of court language: The influence of Latin and Hungarian language increased.

8. Modification of education system: New teaching programs were introduced, incorporating a broader European context.

Casimir III the Great left a lasting legacy that shaped Poland for centuries to come. His reforms and initiatives influenced the country's development in many aspects, from economy to culture.

Casimir III the Great significantly influenced the shape of medieval Poland. His urbanization policy led to the establishment of 65 new cities and 100 villages, contributing to the country's economic development. The Wiślica-Piotrków Statutes he introduced unified the legal system, laying the foundation for a modern state. The king modernized the defense system, building 53 castles and strengthening state borders. The expansion of territory to include Ruthenian Halych and Vladimir increased Poland's economic and strategic potential. Educational reforms, culminating in the establishment of the Kraków Academy in 1364, raised the level of education and culture in the country.

Casimir III the Great left behind a rich cultural and architectural heritage. His building initiatives included:

1. Defensive castles: Wawel in Kraków, castles in Łęczyca and Olsztyn.
2. Churches: Collegiate Church in Wiślica, St. Mary's Church in Kraków.
3. Defensive walls: fortifications of Kraków, Sandomierz, Kazimierz Dolny.

The king supported the development of art and crafts, which contributed to the flourishing of Gothic style in Poland. His cultural patronage included support for artists, writers, and scholars, resulting in the creation of many valuable works of medieval art and literature.

Casimir III the Great's economic reforms brought long-lasting benefits to Poland:

1. Trade development: establishment of new trade routes, organization of fairs.
2. Agricultural modernization: introduction of three-field rotation, colonization of new territories.
3. Monetary reform: unification of the monetary system, minting of the Kraków silver groat.
4. Mining development: exploitation of salt deposits in Wieliczka and Bochnia.

The effects of these reforms were felt by subsequent generations, contributing to increased societal wealth and strengthening Poland's economic position in Europe.

Casimir III the Great conducted effective foreign policy that influenced Poland's position in Europe:

1. Diplomacy: concluding peace with the Teutonic Order, alliance with Hungary.
2. Territorial expansion: annexation of Halych and Vladimir Ruthenia.
3. Border strengthening: construction of defensive systems on western and southern frontiers.
4. International prestige: organization of the Congress of Monarchs in Kraków in 1364.

These actions consolidated Poland's position as a significant player on the international stage, which was important for future generations of rulers.

• Casimir III the Great died on November 5, 1370, in Kraków at the age of 60
• His death ended the Piast dynasty's rule in Poland
• The cause of death was complications from falling off a horse while hunting
• He was succeeded by Louis of Hungary, which initiated the Polish-Hungarian union
• The king's death brought significant political and economic changes to the country
• Casimir III's legacy includes legal reforms, urban development, and the founding of the Kraków Academy

The death of Casimir III the Great on November 5, 1370, in Kraków ended an era of prosperity and began a new chapter in Polish history. His passing brought significant political, social, and economic changes to the country.

Nevertheless, Casimir III's legacy endured through the centuries. His legal, economic, and educational reforms significantly influenced Poland's development. The king left behind not only physical monuments but also lasting foundations of a strong state.

The date of Casimir III the Great's death marks a crucial moment in Polish history, symbolizing the end of the Piast dynasty's rule and the beginning of a new era for the Kingdom of Poland.