Events with tag - Cia

January 1, 2651 BC

Imhotep: Egypt's First Architect

Imhotep, serving under Pharaoh Djoser during the Third Dynasty (2650-2600 BCE), revolutionized ancient Egyptian architecture and medicine. As the designer of the Step Pyramid of Djoser and a pioneering physician, he became one of few commoners ever deified in Egyptian history.

January 1, 701 BC

Homer's Iliad and Odyssey Composition

Between 750-650 BCE, Homer composed The Iliad and The Odyssey, transforming ancient Greek oral traditions into written epics during a period of significant cultural development. These masterworks, featuring tales of the Trojan War and its aftermath, were first documented on pottery fragments around 725-700 BCE.

January 1, 461 BC

Hippocrates Begins Medical Practice

Hippocrates of Kos begins his medical career, introducing systematic observation and natural explanations for diseases, revolutionizing medicine by moving away from supernatural beliefs to evidence-based practice. His methods and ethical principles, including the famous Hippocratic Oath, became the foundation of modern medicine.

January 16, 28 BC

Rise of Augustus as First Roman Emperor

In 27 BCE, Octavian became Augustus, Rome's first emperor, through a carefully orchestrated Constitutional Settlement that transformed the Roman Republic into an empire while maintaining the facade of republican government.

January 1, 110

Trajan's Market Completion

Trajan's Market, ancient Rome's first shopping mall and administrative center, was completed in 110 CE. This revolutionary complex featured over 150 shops across six levels, built into the Quirinal Hill under Emperor Trajan's reign.

August 1619

First African Slaves Arrive in Colonial America

In August 1619, the Dutch warship White Lion arrived at Point Comfort, Virginia, carrying '20 and odd' Africans who were traded for food and supplies, marking the beginning of slavery in colonial America. This pivotal moment transformed the nation's history and established a system that would persist for 246 years.

September 6, 1717

Mississippi Company

A French colonial trading company founded by John Law in 1717, granted exclusive trading rights in Louisiana Territory by King Louis XV. It experienced rapid growth before collapsing in 1720 during the Mississippi Bubble crisis.

January 1, 1720

The Great Awakening

A powerful religious revival movement that transformed colonial America, led by Jonathan Edwards and George Whitefield, emphasizing personal faith and challenging traditional religious authority while uniting colonies behind a shared spiritual cause.

May 1, 1720

The Mississippi Bubble

The Mississippi Bubble of 1720 was one of history's first major financial crashes, occurring when John Law's speculative banking scheme and the Mississippi Company's shares collapsed, devastating the French economy.

June 9, 1732

Establishment of Georgia Colony

Georgia was established as the last of the original 13 British colonies through a royal charter granted by King George II to James Oglethorpe, serving both as a humanitarian refuge and strategic buffer zone.

January 1, 1748

First US Commercial Coal Mine

The first commercial coal mine in the United States opened in Richmond, Virginia in 1748, marking a pivotal moment in American industrial history. The discovery came after blacksmiths found coal fragments near the James River, leading to the establishment of the James River Coal Company.

January 1, 1748

First Commercial Coal Mine in America

The first commercial coal mining operation began in 1748 in Richmond, Virginia, marking a pivotal moment in American industrial history. Located in the Richmond Coal Basin, this operation laid the foundation for the American coal industry and sparked nationwide industrial development.

January 1, 1761

First Commercial Coal Mine in Pennsylvania

The opening of Pennsylvania's first commercial coal mine in Coal Hill, Pittsburgh, by James O'Hara marked the beginning of an industry that would transform the state into America's leading coal producer and fuel the Industrial Revolution.

August 22, 1787

First American Steamboat

John Fitch demonstrated the first successful steamboat in America on the Delaware River, leading to a revolution in maritime transportation. The vessel could carry 30 passengers and travel at 3 mph upstream.

September 24, 1789

US Supreme Court Establishment

The United States Supreme Court was established by Article III of the Constitution and the Judiciary Act of 1789, creating the nation's highest judicial authority with six justices led by Chief Justice John Jay.

July 9, 1798

US Merchant Ships Armament History

The evolution of armed U.S. merchant vessels from 1798 to present day, showcasing the transformation from basic colonial-era defenses to modern sophisticated security systems protecting maritime commerce.

October 20, 1811

First Steamboat Navigation on Mississippi River

The New Orleans, built by Robert Fulton and Robert Livingston, completed the first successful steamboat journey on the Mississippi River, traveling 2,000 miles from Pittsburgh to New Orleans. This historic voyage revolutionized American river commerce and transportation.

October 20, 1811

First Steamboat on Mississippi River

The New Orleans, built by Robert Fulton and Robert Livingston, completed the first successful steamboat journey on the Mississippi River from Pittsburgh to New Orleans in 14 days, revolutionizing American river transportation.

January 1, 1813

America's First Factory Towns

The establishment of America's first planned industrial communities in Waltham (1813) and Lowell (1821), Massachusetts, revolutionized manufacturing by combining textile production with worker housing and social infrastructure.

October 7, 1826

Birth of American Railroads

The establishment of America's first commercial railroad, the Granite Railway, in Massachusetts revolutionized transportation and set the foundation for the nation's industrial development. This 3-mile track connected Bunker Hill Monument quarries to the Neponset River, initially using horse-drawn wagons before transitioning to steam power.

July 5, 1852

Frederick Douglass's Fourth of July Speech

Frederick Douglass delivered his powerful anti-slavery speech 'What to the Slave is the Fourth of July' at Corinthian Hall in Rochester, New York. Speaking to 600 people, he challenged America's celebration of independence while maintaining slavery.

January 1, 1863

First Coal Miners' Union Formation

The American Miners' Association (AMA) became the first formal coal miners' union in the United States, established by English immigrants in Illinois. This groundbreaking organization fought against dangerous working conditions and unfair treatment during the Industrial Revolution.

July 13, 1863

New York City Draft Riots

A violent uprising in New York City sparked by Civil War military conscription that resulted in over 119 deaths and $1.5 million in property damage. The riots highlighted social, economic, and racial tensions in the war-torn nation.

July 13, 1863

New York Draft Riots

A deadly five-day civil uprising in New York City sparked by the Civil War draft law that allowed wealthy citizens to buy their way out of military service for $300. The riots resulted in 119 deaths, over 2,000 injuries, and massive property destruction.

April 12, 1864

Fort Pillow Massacre

Confederate forces under Nathan Bedford Forrest attacked Fort Pillow in Tennessee, killing hundreds of surrendering Union soldiers, predominantly African American troops. This event became one of the most controversial atrocities of the American Civil War.

December 6, 1865

13th Amendment Ratification

The 13th Amendment to the United States Constitution was ratified on December 6, 1865, marking the formal abolition of slavery throughout the United States. This historic legislation, championed by President Abraham Lincoln, required intense political maneuvering and transformed the nation's social and legal landscape forever.

December 6, 1865

Thirteenth Amendment Ratification

The Thirteenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution was officially ratified, marking the formal abolition of slavery throughout the United States. This historic amendment passed after intense political negotiations and required approval from three-fourths of the states.

July 9, 1868

14th Amendment Ratification

The 14th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution was ratified, establishing citizenship rights and equal protection under law for all Americans, including former slaves. This transformative amendment fundamentally changed the relationship between states and federal government during the Reconstruction era.

January 1, 1879

First Commercial Use of Electricity in US Factories

In 1879, the Brush Electric Company made history by installing the first commercial electric arc lights in a Philadelphia brush factory, initiating the industrial electrification revolution in America. This groundbreaking installation set the stage for widespread adoption of electrical power in manufacturing.

January 1, 1917

First Mississippi River Lock and Dam

The completion of Lock and Dam No. 1 in 1917 between Minneapolis and St. Paul revolutionized navigation on the Mississippi River. This pioneering $2.9 million project introduced innovative engineering features and transformed the unpredictable waterway into a reliable transportation corridor.

May 14, 1917

American War Bonds Launch

The U.S. Treasury Department launched its first major war bonds program in 1917, introducing Liberty Bonds to finance World War I military operations. The program later evolved into Victory Bonds and War Bonds during World War II, becoming one of America's most successful financial initiatives.

August 18, 1920

19th Amendment Ratification

The 19th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution was ratified, granting women the constitutional right to vote after a 72-year struggle. This historic moment marked a fundamental change in American democracy, adding 26.8 million women to the electorate.

June 2, 1924

Indian Citizenship Act

A landmark legislation that granted full U.S. citizenship to approximately 125,000 Native Americans who previously lacked this status, marking a pivotal moment in American civil rights history.

October 29, 1929

The Great Depression

The Great Depression was the worst economic downturn in US history, beginning with the stock market crash of 1929 and ending between 1939-1941 due to World War II's massive industrial mobilization.

October 29, 1929

The Great Depression Peak Unemployment

The Great Depression reached its devastating peak in 1933 with an unprecedented 24.9% unemployment rate, leaving 15 million Americans jobless in the worst economic crisis of modern history.

October 29, 1929

Great Depression Begins

The Great Depression began with Black Tuesday on October 29, 1929, when the stock market crashed, leading to the most severe economic downturn in modern history. The crisis spread globally, causing widespread unemployment, mass poverty, and profound social changes that would reshape society for decades.

December 1, 1929

First Hooverville Emerges in Seattle

The first documented Hooverville appeared in Seattle's Harbor Island in late 1929, marking the beginning of widespread makeshift settlements during the Great Depression. These settlements, named to criticize President Herbert Hoover, housed thousands of homeless Americans who lost everything in the economic crisis.

May 29, 1932

Bonus Army March

In summer 1932, during the Great Depression, 20,000 WWI veterans and their families marched on Washington D.C. demanding early payment of service certificates. The peaceful protest ended in tragedy when President Hoover ordered military forces to violently disperse the protesters.

March 4, 1933

First Woman Cabinet Member

Frances Perkins made history by becoming the first female cabinet member in U.S. history when appointed as Secretary of Labor by President Franklin D. Roosevelt. Her 12-year tenure revolutionized American labor policy through major New Deal initiatives.

March 9, 1933

Launch of the First New Deal

President Franklin D. Roosevelt initiated the First New Deal, a comprehensive series of economic reforms and relief programs to combat the Great Depression. Within his first 100 days in office, FDR implemented 15 major pieces of legislation to stabilize banks, create jobs, and provide economic relief.

March 9, 1933

Emergency Banking Act

The Emergency Banking Act of 1933 was a landmark legislation passed during the Great Depression that gave the federal government and Federal Reserve expanded powers to stabilize the failing banking system and restore public confidence.

March 31, 1933

Civilian Conservation Corps Establishment

The Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) was established as a groundbreaking federal work program to combat the Great Depression, providing employment to millions of young men while preserving America's natural resources.

June 16, 1933

Public Works Administration Creation

The Public Works Administration (PWA) was established as a crucial part of President Roosevelt's New Deal program, with an initial budget of $3.3 billion to combat the Great Depression through massive infrastructure projects and job creation.

June 16, 1933

Glass-Steagall Act

The Glass-Steagall Act of 1933 was a groundbreaking financial regulation that separated commercial and investment banking in response to the 1929 stock market crash. It established the FDIC and remained in effect until 1999.

June 16, 1933

FDIC Establishment

The Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) was created during the Great Depression as a crucial financial safeguard to restore confidence in the U.S. banking system. This landmark institution began insuring bank deposits on January 1, 1934, marking a fundamental shift in banking regulation.

June 6, 1934

SEC Establishment

President Franklin D. Roosevelt established the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) by signing the Securities Exchange Act into law, creating the first federal regulatory agency for securities markets in response to the 1929 stock market crash.

May 6, 1935

WPA Establishment

President Franklin D. Roosevelt established the Works Progress Administration (WPA) through Executive Order 7034, launching the largest New Deal agency that would employ 8.5 million Americans and transform the nation's infrastructure during the Great Depression.

August 14, 1935

Social Security Act

The Social Security Act of 1935 was landmark legislation that created America's social welfare system during the Great Depression. Signed by President Franklin D. Roosevelt, it established retirement benefits, unemployment insurance, and aid for vulnerable citizens.

August 29, 1935

Federal Art Project Launch

The Federal Art Project (FAP) was launched as a groundbreaking government initiative that employed over 10,000 artists and created more than 200,000 artworks during the Great Depression. This revolutionary program marked the first large-scale federal support system for artists in American history.

September 1, 1937

Farm Security Administration Establishment

The Farm Security Administration (FSA) was created through Executive Order 7530 to replace the Resettlement Administration, focusing on combating rural poverty and supporting struggling farmers during the Great Depression.

June 25, 1938

Child Labor Reform in America

The Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938 marked a pivotal moment in American labor history, establishing nationwide protections for child workers after decades of exploitation during the Industrial Revolution. This landmark legislation set minimum age requirements and work hour limitations, ending the era of widespread child labor in U.S. factories.

December 7, 1941

Women Enter US Workforce During WWII

Following the Pearl Harbor attack in 1941, millions of American women entered the workforce to fill critical labor shortages as men joined the military. This unprecedented shift saw nearly 6 million women taking roles in defense industries, manufacturing plants, and government offices, fundamentally changing the American labor landscape.

December 7, 1941

Women in WWII Workforce

During World War II (1941-1945), millions of American women entered the workforce, taking up roles in factories, shipyards, and aviation plants. The female workforce grew by over 50%, with women making up to 65% of defense industry workers by 1943.

February 19, 1942

Japanese American Internment

Following Pearl Harbor attack, President Roosevelt signed Executive Order 9066, leading to forced relocation of 120,000 Japanese Americans to internment camps across western United States, marking one of the most significant civil rights violations in US history.

March 21, 1942

Japanese Internment Camps Begin Operation

The first Japanese internment camp opens at Manzanar, California, marking the beginning of mass incarceration of 120,000 Japanese Americans following Executive Order 9066 during World War II.

March 21, 1942

Japanese Internment Camps Opening

The first Japanese internment camps opened in March 1942, marking the beginning of one of the darkest chapters in American history. Following Executive Order 9066, approximately 120,000 Japanese Americans were forcibly relocated to camps across seven states.

July 26, 1948

U.S. Military Desegregation Order

President Harry S. Truman signed Executive Order 9981, officially ending racial segregation in the U.S. Armed Forces and establishing equality of treatment and opportunity for all service members regardless of race, color, religion, or national origin.

April 17, 1961

Bay of Pigs Invasion

A failed military invasion of Cuba by CIA-trained Cuban exiles attempting to overthrow Fidel Castro's communist government. The operation lasted three days and resulted in a complete failure, strengthening Castro's position and pushing Cuba closer to the Soviet Union.

July 2, 1964

Civil Rights Act Signing

President Lyndon B. Johnson signs the historic Civil Rights Act of 1964, marking a watershed moment in American history by outlawing discrimination and segregation across public spaces, employment, and federally funded programs.

January 5, 1968

Prague Spring

The Prague Spring was a brief period of liberalization in Communist Czechoslovakia, beginning when Alexander Dubček became leader in January 1968. The movement introduced democratic reforms but was forcibly ended by Soviet-led Warsaw Pact invasion in August 1968.

July 28, 1968

American Indian Movement Founded

The American Indian Movement (AIM) was established in Minneapolis, Minnesota, as a response to discrimination and police brutality against Native Americans. Founded by Dennis Banks, Clyde Bellecourt, George Mitchell, and Russell Means, the organization began with 200 members and grew into a nationwide movement for Indigenous rights.

November 20, 1969

Alcatraz Island Occupation

In November 1969, 89 Native American activists occupied Alcatraz Island for 19 months, transforming the abandoned federal prison into a symbol of Indigenous resistance and bringing national attention to Native American rights.

September 28, 2008

SpaceX Falcon 1 First Orbital Launch

SpaceX made history when its Falcon 1 became the first privately developed liquid-fuel rocket to reach Earth's orbit from Kwajalein Atoll in the Marshall Islands, marking a revolutionary moment in commercial spaceflight.

March 23, 2010

Obamacare Signed Into Law

President Barack Obama signs the Affordable Care Act, a comprehensive healthcare reform law aimed at providing millions of Americans with access to affordable health insurance and improving the overall healthcare system.

June 4, 2010

First Falcon 9 Launch

SpaceX's Falcon 9 rocket completed its historic first launch from Cape Canaveral Air Force Station, revolutionizing commercial spaceflight with innovative design and reusability concepts.

December 21, 2015

SpaceX Falcon 9 First Landing

SpaceX achieved a historic milestone by successfully landing its Falcon 9 rocket's first stage booster at Cape Canaveral, marking the first-ever vertical landing of an orbital-class rocket while delivering 11 Orbcomm-2 satellites to orbit.

February 6, 2018

SpaceX Tesla Roadster Launch

SpaceX made history by launching a Tesla Roadster into space aboard its Falcon Heavy rocket, featuring 'Starman' mannequin in the driver's seat. The mission demonstrated the world's most powerful operational rocket system while creating unprecedented media attention.

February 6, 2018

SpaceX Falcon Heavy Launch

SpaceX made history with the successful launch of Falcon Heavy, the world's most powerful operational rocket, carrying Elon Musk's Tesla Roadster with 'Starman' mannequin into space orbit beyond Mars.

May 11, 2018

SpaceX Falcon 9 Block 5 Debut

SpaceX achieved a historic milestone with the inaugural launch of Falcon 9 Block 5, their most advanced reusable rocket. The mission successfully deployed Bangladesh's first geostationary communications satellite while demonstrating revolutionary reusability features.

May 30, 2020

SpaceX Crew Dragon Demo-2

Historic SpaceX mission that launched NASA astronauts Bob Behnken and Doug Hurley to the International Space Station, becoming the first commercial spacecraft to carry humans to orbit and marking America's return to human spaceflight from U.S. soil since 2011.

May 30, 2020

SpaceX Demo-2 Mission

SpaceX made history by launching the first private crewed mission to the International Space Station, carrying NASA astronauts Bob Behnken and Doug Hurley aboard the Crew Dragon spacecraft.

August 30, 2020

SpaceX SAOCOM 1B Launch

SpaceX successfully launched the SAOCOM 1B Earth observation satellite from Cape Canaveral, achieving a historic double booster landing and marking the first polar orbit mission from Florida's Space Coast in decades.

April 16, 2021

NASA Selects SpaceX Starship for Moon Missions

NASA awarded SpaceX a historic $2.9 billion contract to develop Starship as the lunar landing system for the Artemis program, marking a significant shift towards commercial partnerships in space exploration.

April 1, 2023

SpaceX Dear Moon Mission

SpaceX plans historic lunar mission 'Dear Moon' to send eight civilian passengers and crew on a six-day journey around the Moon using their revolutionary Starship spacecraft.